Reconstruction in REVIEW
Terms and concepts you should remember:
Reconstruction - 1865-1877 overview of the affects on the South and the Northern changes
President Lincoln - killed after war ended and before Reconstruction could get formalized.
Ten Percent Plan - Reconstruction plan by Lincoln where the Southern states had to have
10% of it's voting members swear allegiance to the Union in order to restore local govt.
Andrew Johnson - Became president after Lincoln's death. Used Lincoln's Reconstruction Plan with tighter restrictions.
Radical Republicans - Saw the South as a conquered enemy and pushed hard for reform and the rights of freed slaves.
13th Amendment - abolished slavery in the United States
14th Amendment - gave citizenship to blacks and
invalidated the 10th Amendment (re: state's rights)
15th Amendment - gave blacks the right to vote
Carpetbaggers - political radicals from the North who moved South
Scalawags - political radical who were from the South
Ku Klux Klan - violent extremist group in the South
Sharecropping - system of farming in the South
Military occupation - the US occupied the Southern states until they
qualified for readmission into the Union (new constitution, passing 14th Amendment)
Election 1868 - President U. S. Grant - slogan "Let us have peace."
Grant - Weak president (but honest), radical, Congress should control nation, lack of political experience.
Others enriched themselves on his presidency. Loaded with scandals.
"Grantism" - synonym for political corruption
Credit Mobilier Scandal - Railroad company that illegally paid off Congressmen
to avoid investigation into their corrupt financial dealings.
Whiskey Ring Scandal- whiskey makers (distillers), distributors and federal tax collectors
devised a plan to cheat the government out of money from taxes.
Tammany Hall - Democrat organization run by William "Boss" Tweed that controlled most of New York's political affairs.
Politicians used false projects and prices to raise taxes and put the money in their own pockets.
Bribed Republicans to leave them alone.
Thomas Nast - Cartoonist who popularized the Democrat "Donkey" and created the Republican "Elephant".
His cartoons even led to the arrest of Boss Tweed who had run off to Spain.
Panic of '73 - beginning of 6 year economic depression in the U.S.
Election of 1876 - Presidential election between Rutherford B. Hayes (R) and Samuel J. Tilden (D).
Campaigns were ugly and full of voting corruption on both sides. Election results contested.
Compromise of 1877 - Southern Democrats offered to allow contested votes to be counted if Hayes, as president,
would remove the last of the troops from the South. It was agreed and both sides kept their promises. Reconstruction Ended.
3 Results of the Civil War and Reconstruction
1. Slavery was abolished. While this was a huge success for humanity, it devastated the Southern economy, and the rights of blacks became a heated political debate, which has caused division among Americans even to this day.
2. The Solid South became firm in it's Democratic party. Keeping in mind, the Southern Democratic leaders were white, pro-slavery men who did not believe the Federal Govt. had a right to 'tell the states what to do'.
3. More powerful Federal Government - the removal of "state's rights" took away one of the checks the Founding Fathers had put in place to keep the government from becoming too controlling.
Terms and concepts you should remember:
Reconstruction - 1865-1877 overview of the affects on the South and the Northern changes
President Lincoln - killed after war ended and before Reconstruction could get formalized.
Ten Percent Plan - Reconstruction plan by Lincoln where the Southern states had to have
10% of it's voting members swear allegiance to the Union in order to restore local govt.
Andrew Johnson - Became president after Lincoln's death. Used Lincoln's Reconstruction Plan with tighter restrictions.
Radical Republicans - Saw the South as a conquered enemy and pushed hard for reform and the rights of freed slaves.
13th Amendment - abolished slavery in the United States
14th Amendment - gave citizenship to blacks and
invalidated the 10th Amendment (re: state's rights)
15th Amendment - gave blacks the right to vote
Carpetbaggers - political radicals from the North who moved South
Scalawags - political radical who were from the South
Ku Klux Klan - violent extremist group in the South
Sharecropping - system of farming in the South
Military occupation - the US occupied the Southern states until they
qualified for readmission into the Union (new constitution, passing 14th Amendment)
Election 1868 - President U. S. Grant - slogan "Let us have peace."
Grant - Weak president (but honest), radical, Congress should control nation, lack of political experience.
Others enriched themselves on his presidency. Loaded with scandals.
"Grantism" - synonym for political corruption
Credit Mobilier Scandal - Railroad company that illegally paid off Congressmen
to avoid investigation into their corrupt financial dealings.
Whiskey Ring Scandal- whiskey makers (distillers), distributors and federal tax collectors
devised a plan to cheat the government out of money from taxes.
Tammany Hall - Democrat organization run by William "Boss" Tweed that controlled most of New York's political affairs.
Politicians used false projects and prices to raise taxes and put the money in their own pockets.
Bribed Republicans to leave them alone.
Thomas Nast - Cartoonist who popularized the Democrat "Donkey" and created the Republican "Elephant".
His cartoons even led to the arrest of Boss Tweed who had run off to Spain.
Panic of '73 - beginning of 6 year economic depression in the U.S.
Election of 1876 - Presidential election between Rutherford B. Hayes (R) and Samuel J. Tilden (D).
Campaigns were ugly and full of voting corruption on both sides. Election results contested.
Compromise of 1877 - Southern Democrats offered to allow contested votes to be counted if Hayes, as president,
would remove the last of the troops from the South. It was agreed and both sides kept their promises. Reconstruction Ended.
3 Results of the Civil War and Reconstruction
1. Slavery was abolished. While this was a huge success for humanity, it devastated the Southern economy, and the rights of blacks became a heated political debate, which has caused division among Americans even to this day.
2. The Solid South became firm in it's Democratic party. Keeping in mind, the Southern Democratic leaders were white, pro-slavery men who did not believe the Federal Govt. had a right to 'tell the states what to do'.
3. More powerful Federal Government - the removal of "state's rights" took away one of the checks the Founding Fathers had put in place to keep the government from becoming too controlling.